Evidence-Based · Updated 2025

The 4C Model of Online Risk

A research-backed taxonomy of every risk your child faces online, tap any risk to learn what it looks like in real life

Content Risks

Child as Recipient

Contact Risks

Adult → Child

Conduct Risks

Peer ↔ Peer

Contract Risks

Commercial Exploitation

41%

of teens can't verify online info

1 in 3

teens has experienced cyberbullying

Mental Health Cross-Cutting Concerns

Problematic Social Media Use

Addiction-like symptoms including withdrawal, conflict with family, and neglect of real-life responsibilities and relationships.

Depression & Anxiety

Systematically associated with heavy use, cyberbullying exposure, and appearance-related social comparison.

Sleep Disruption

Late-night scrolling and incoming alerts fragment sleep, a major independent predictor of depressive symptoms in adolescents.

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